Power meter with automatic configuration

ABSTRACT

A power monitoring system includes a plurality of current sensors suitable to sense respective changing electrical current within a respective conductor to a respective load and a conductor sensing a respective voltage potential provided to the respective load. A power monitors determines a type of circuit based upon a signal from at least one of the current sensors and a signal from the conductor, wherein the type of circuit includes at least one of a single phase circuit, a two phase circuit, and a three phase circuit. The power meter configures a set of registers corresponding to the determined type of circuit in a manner such that the configuring is different based upon each of the single phase circuit, two phase circuit, and three phase circuit suitable to provide data corresponding to the determined type of circuit.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/600,533, filed May 19, 2017, which application is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/946,095, filed Nov. 19, 2015, whichapplication is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/050,496, filed Oct. 10, 2013, which application claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional App. No. 61/747,937, filed Dec. 31, 2012.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a power meter with automaticconfiguration capability.

Electrical power is provided to many devices, such as large motors, bythree separate cables, each of which supplies a single phase of threephase-power. In an ideal system, each of the phases within therespective cable has a phase angle which is generally 120 degrees apartfrom the other phases. Accordingly, the total power flowing through thethree cables to a three-phase load (or from a three-phase generator) maybe computed based upon the phase adjusted voltages and the phaseadjusted currents.

A sub-metering system generally includes a separate transformerinstalled on each respective cable of the three cables of a three-phasesystem within a customer's power box containing the electrical panel.Each transformer senses a changing current within a respective cable andproduces an output voltage or current proportional to the changingcurrent. A measuring circuit is electrically connected to the threetransformers and receives each of the transformer output voltages orcurrents. The measuring circuit is also electrically connected to thethree cables by voltage “taps” to measure the voltage therein. Thevoltage “tap” measurements are preferably obtained by an electricalconnection to the interface between each phase of the respective cableand the panel. The measuring circuit calculates the power usage of therespective three phases using the output voltages from the transformersand the voltages sensed by the three voltage “taps.”

Flexibility has favored adoption of digital current and power meters,known as branch circuit monitors, incorporating data processing systemstypically comprising one or more microprocessors or digital signalprocessors (DSP) that periodically read the output of each of thevoltage and current transducers, calculate the current or voltage at therespective transducer and display or store the results. In addition, thedata processing unit periodically may calculate the power and otherelectrical parameters, such as active power, apparent power and reactivepower that quantify electricity distribution and consumption. Thecalculated parameters are typically output to a display for immediateviewing and/or transmitted from a communications interface to anotherdata processing system, such as a building management computer forremote display or further processing, for example formulatinginstructions to automated building equipment.

Branch circuit monitors are commonly incorporated in networks thatutilize the MODBUS® RTU serial communication protocol. The MODBUSprotocol, first published in 1979, enables serial communication betweenup to 247 interconnected network devices and has become a de factostandard communications protocol for connecting industrial electronicdevices. Each device is given a unique address and each query containsthe address of the intended device. A device will not respond to a queryunless it contains that device's address. A basic MODBUS query cancontrol or read an input/output port of a receiving device or instructthe receiving device to change or send back one or more values containedin its memory.

While the MODBUS protocol is a de facto standard for industrialelectronic devices, it does have its limitations. For example, sinceMODBUS was developed in the 1970s to communicate with programmable logiccontrollers (PLCs), the number of supported data types is limited tothose utilized by PLCs at that time and does not include large binaryobjects. Also, the number of addressable registers in a MODBUS device islimited which can affect the device's performance and utility. Forexample, a branch circuit monitor monitoring a large number of circuitsand determining several electrical measurement parameters for eachcircuit generates substantial amounts of data and the limited number ofaddressable registers can limit the number of circuits monitored by thebranch circuit monitor and/or the types of data that can be produced andcommunicated by the monitor. Also, the configuration of such a devicecan be cumbersome and require significant computational resources todetermine all the potential data that may be desired.

What is desired therefore is a power meter that is computationallyefficient.

The foregoing and other objectives, features, and advantages of theinvention may be more readily understood upon consideration of thefollowing detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary power meter system.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary power meter board.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an exemplary MODBUS point map.

FIG. 4 illustrates a portion of an exemplary single phase MODBUS pointmap.

FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of an exemplary two-phase MODBUS point map.

FIG. 6 illustrates a portion of an exemplary three-phase MODBUS pointmap.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Electricity delivered by the local utility to a facility's mains isdistributed to the various loads in the facility by branch circuitswhich are conductively connected to the mains at a distribution panel.Referring in detail to the drawings where similar parts are identifiedby like reference numerals, and, more particularly to FIG. 1, anexemplary distribution panel 20 includes two three-phase mains 22A, 22Bwhich are respectively connected to main circuit breakers 24A, 24B. Eachof the phases of each main is connected to a respective bus bar 26A,26B, 26C and 28A, 28B, 28C. Three of the bus bars extend behind each oftwo rows of branch circuit breakers 30 that respectively conductivelyconnect one of the bus bars to a branch circuit conductor 32 which isconductively connected to the load(s) of the branch circuit. A singlephase load, for example, load 34, is conductively connected to a singlebus bar. A two-phase load is connected, typically through two adjacentcircuit breakers in the same row, to two bus bars conducting differentphases of the power. A three-phase load, for example, load 36, isconnected, typically through three adjacent circuit breakers in the samerow, to three bus bars each conducting a different phase of theelectricity.

A digital branch circuit monitor 40 is often installed in an electricaldistribution panel, such as the exemplary distribution panel 20, tomonitor the current or the current and the voltage in the circuitsserved by the panel. For example, a digital branch circuit monitorproduced by Veris Industries, Inc. can monitor the current or the power(current and voltage) in up to 84 branch circuits and two three-phasemains of a power distribution panel and can determine, in addition tovoltage and current, a number of other parameters related to energyconsumption for each circuit served by the distribution panel. Dataupdates occur approximately every two seconds and an alarm may betriggered by the monitor if the operation of a circuit approaches a userconfigured threshold. The exemplary branch circuit monitor 40 comprisesa main acquisition board 42 and four adapter boards 44, 46, 48, 50facilitating interconnection of the measuring circuitry and thetransducers which sense current and voltage in the various conductors ofthe distribution panel.

Referring also to FIG. 2, the exemplary digital branch circuit monitor40 is arranged to monitor the both voltage and current in a plurality ofbranch circuits and comprises, generally, a data processing unit 52, acurrent measuring section 54 and a voltage measuring section 56. Thedata processing unit 52 typically comprises at least one microprocessoror digital signal processor (DSP). The data processing unit 52periodically reads and stores data from the voltage 56 and the current54 measuring sections, and uses that data to calculate the current,voltage, power and other electrical parameters that are the meter'soutput. The calculated values may be output to a display 58 for viewingat the meter or output to a communications interface 60 for transmissionvia a communication network 62 to another data processing system 75,such as a building management computer, for remote display or use inautomating or managing the facility's operations. A memory 64 in whichthe software for the data processing unit and data manipulated by thedata processing unit may be stored is associated with the dataprocessing unit. A power supply 66 provides power to the data processingunit and to the voltage and current measuring sections. One or moreclocks 68, which may be incorporated into the data processing unit, timeintervals between the occurrences of monitored events.

The voltage measuring section 56 includes one or more voltagetransducers 70A, 70B, 70C each typically comprising a resistor network,a voltage sampling unit 76 to sample the output of the voltagetransducers and convert the analog measurements to digital data suitablefor use by the data processing unit and a multiplexer 78 thatperiodically connects the voltage sampling unit to a selected one of thevoltage transducers enabling periodic sampling of the magnitude of thevoltage at each voltage transducer. Typically, each phase of theelectricity supplied to a distribution panel is connected to a bus bar,for example, bus bars 26A, 26B, 26C, and each branch circuit breaker 30connectively interconnects one of the bus bars to a branch circuitconductor 32. One or more of the branch circuit conductors areconductively connected to each of the facility's loads, for examples,loads 34, 36. Since the voltage and phase supplied to all commonlyconnected loads is the same, a meter for measuring three-phase powertypically includes at least three voltage transducers 70A, 70B, 70C eachconnected to one of the bus bars 26A, 26B, 26C that is conducting adifferent phase of the power from one of the mains, for example, main22A.

The current measuring section 54 comprises a current sampling unit 80, amultiplexer 84, a signal conditioning unit 83 and a plurality of currenttransducers each representing data channel in the branch circuitmonitor. The current transducers are preferably current transformers butother types of current sensors might be used. Current monitoring with acurrent transformer uses a current transformer for each of theconductors in which the current is to be monitored. In the exemplarybranch circuit monitor 40 a current transformer 89 senses the current ineach of the panel's mains and a branch current transducer 88 senses thecurrent in each of the panel's branch circuit conductors 32.

The auxiliary current transformers 89 monitoring the current in themains are connected to a terminal block 91 on the main circuit board.Each terminal of the terminal block 91 is conductively connected to themultiplexer 84. For convenience, each of the branch current transducers88 may be respectively connected to a sensor position 90 on one of theadapter boards, 44, 46, 48, 50. A multi-conductor cable 92communicatively connects each of the sensor positions of each of theadapter boards to the multiplexer 84 on the main circuit board 42. Themultiplexer 84 is connected to a signal conditioning unit 83 which is,in turn, conductively connected to an analog-to-digital converter 94 ofthe current sampling unit 80. In response to a timing signal from theclock 68, the multiplexer sequentially connects each sensor position andeach terminal block connection to the signal conditioning unit and,thereby, the analog-to-digital converter which outputs to the dataprocessing unit 52 a digital signal representing a sample output of therespective current transducer.

Instantaneous values of the sinusoidal analog voltage and currentwaveforms are digitally captured by periodically, sampling theamplitudes of the outputs of respective voltage and current transducers.The data processing unit calculates the current in the power cablemonitored by a current transducer from the characteristics of thetransducer and a plurality of sample outputs of the transduceraccumulated over a period of time. The “effective,” “real” or “active”power is approximated by averaging the sum of the products of temporallycorresponding instantaneous samples of the voltage and current for eachof the plurality of sampling intervals, such as, at least one cycle ofthe sinusoidal waveform:

Users of branch circuit monitors are often interested in a number ofparameters related to electricity distribution in addition to thevoltage, current and effective power for the facility and each of itsbranch circuits. For example, the reactive power, the portion of thetotal power that is temporarily stored in the form of electric andmagnetic fields due to inductive and capacitive elements in a circuit,influences the voltage levels in a transmission network and arecontrolled along with the voltage to allow an electrical power system tobe operated within acceptable limits. The power factor of an alternatingcurrent (AC) circuit is the ratio of real power, the capacity of acircuit to do work, flowing to the load and the apparent power, theproduct of the voltage and current in the circuit. Non-linear loads suchas rectifiers; arc discharge devices, such as fluorescent lighting orelectric welders, and switched-mode power supplies reduce the powerfactor and increase the number volt-amperes that must be supplied for agiven amount of work. Many users desire that the data processing unit ofthe branch circuit monitor compute a number of these electricalparameters in addition to determining the voltage, current and effectivepower and transmit this information to other networked data processingdevices utilizing the MODBUS® communication protocol.

The MODBUS communication protocol was developed and published in 1979for use with Modicon® programmable logic controllers (PLCs). MODBUS isan open serial communication protocol and has become a standardcommunication protocol for connecting industrial electronic devices. TheMODBUS protocol is commonly used to transmit signals from controldevices and instrumentation, such as a branch circuit monitor, to a maincontroller and/or a data aggregating system. The device requestinginformation or writing information is called the MODBUS master and thedevices supplying or reading the information are known as MODBUS slaves.In a standard MODBUS network there is at least one master and up to 247slaves, each with a unique address. Masters can broadcast a message,known as a query, to all slaves or it can address a query to anindividual slave. When the master requests or writes data to a slave,the first byte of the message is the address of the intended slave. Aslave only responds to queries containing its address and does notrespond to queries directed to other addressees or to broadcast queries.

In a MODBUS slave device, information is stored in four tables, eachhaving 9999 entries. Two tables, one a read-only table and one a writeonly table, store discrete on/off values, referred to as “coils.”Similarly, a read-only table and a write-only table store numericalvalues in data spaces known as “registers.” Referring to FIGS. 3A and3B, a MODBUS point map 100 for a standard MODBUS slave device lists theregister numbers 102 and a description 104 of the data stored in therespective registers. In addition, the point map may list the data typeand the source of the data, in the case of a branch circuit monitor, thechannel or meter number corresponding to a particular circuit monitoredby the meter.

Some MODBUS devices can utilize extended register addressing to increasethe addressable memory of the device. The output registers of a standardMODBUS device have addresses ranging from 0000 to 270E (hexadecimal),but up to 65,500 registers can be addressed by extending registeraddressing with addresses from 207F to FFFF. However, all devices in aMODBUS network must utilize the same register addressing and manysoftware drivers for MODBUS master computers and many slave devices donot support extended register addressing. Many MODBUS devices use aMODBUS point map which lists the address assigned to each data point.For example, registers are read with the most significant byte (MSB)first with 32 bit floating point values encoded per IEEE Standard 754.For floating point format variables, each data point appears twicebecause two 16-bit addresses are used to hold a 32 bit float value. The16 bit most significant word (MSW) may be in the lower address of theregister pair, while the list significant word (LSW) may be in the upperaddress. It is to be understood that other protocols and techniquesother than MODBUS may be used, if desired. For example, N2 and LonWorksmay be used.

For a particular power meter, there are numerous registers that areprogrammed by the power meter, and thus require selection of whichregisters to use together with what parameter values to store in thoseregisters, and computational resources to regularly compute and updatethe values for such registers. For example, a power meter may compute(1) the energy consumption least significant word and most significantword; (2) the real power consumed; (3) the reactive power consumed; (4)the apparent power; (5) the power factor; (6) the voltage line to line;(7) voltage line to neutral; (8) the current; (9) real power on phase A;(10) real power on phase B; (11) real power on phase C; (12) powerfactor on phase A; (13) power factor on phase B; (14) power factor onphase C; (15) voltage phase A-B; (16) voltage phase B-C; (17) voltagephase A-C; (18) voltage phase A-N; (19) voltage phase B-N; (20) voltagephase C-N; (21) current phase A; (22) current phase B; (23) currentphase C; (24) average real power; (25) minimum real power; (26) maximumreal power; (27) energy consumption for the least and most significantword; (28) real power for the least and most significant word; (29) thereactive power consumed for the least and most significant word; (30)the apparent power for the least and most significant word; (31) thepower factor for the least and most significant word; (32) the voltageline to line for the least and most significant word; (33) voltage lineto neutral for the least and most significant word; (34) the current forthe least and most significant word; (35) real power on phase A for theleast and most significant word; (36) real power on phase B for theleast and most significant word; (37) real power on phase C for theleast and most significant word; (38) power factor on phase A for theleast and most significant word; (39) power factor on phase B for theleast and most significant word; (40) power factor on phase C for theleast and most significant word; (41) voltage phase A-B for the leastand most significant word; (42) voltage phase B-C for the least and mostsignificant word; (43) voltage phase A-C for the least and mostsignificant word; (44) voltage phase A-N for the least and mostsignificant word; (45) voltage phase B-N for the least and mostsignificant word; (46) voltage phase C-N for the least and mostsignificant word; (47) current phase A for the least and mostsignificant word; (48) current phase B for the least and mostsignificant word; (49) current phase C for the least and mostsignificant word; (50) average real power for the least and mostsignificant word; (51) minimum real power for the least and mostsignificant word; and (52) maximum real power for the least and mostsignificant word. In many cases, a single command may be used to readall of the data available from the power meter. Other electricalparameters may likewise be determined. Also, parameters may bedetermined for single and dual phase circuits. The selection of theregisters and the values therein becomes even more complicated whenthere are many three phase power circuits interconnected within the samepower meter using the same MODBUS set of registers. Further, theselection of registers becomes even more complicated and computationallydemanding when there are one or more single phase power circuits, one ormore two phase power circuits, and/or one or more three phase powercircuits within the same panel or configuration using the MODBUSregisters of the single slave device. The programming of the power meterfor this multitude of potential configurations is a time consuming task.Furthermore, the likelihood that particular current transformers areimproperly interconnected with different phases or to the wrong load ishighly likely, making it difficult to trouble shoot the system todetermine the actual configuration, so that accurate data may beobtained.

The present inventor considered the limitations presented by the numberof potentially different configurations, the difficulty in determiningthe number of phases of a circuit and/or the phase orientations,together with the potential amount of data that would be provided overthe MODBUS upon a request for all of the available data, and determinedthat a system that automatically configures the phase relationshipstogether with determining the appropriate registers to include and tocalculate data for would be desirable. Moreover, upon a request for allof the available data, only the relevant data should be provided ratherthan data that is not appropriate nor has any particular meaning for theparticular configuration. For example, for a two phase circuit it isundesirable to provide three phase data since the third phase is notpart of the circuit. In this manner the three phase data would not beincluded in the MODBUS registers and thus not provided upon such arequest.

During normal installation the sensors, e.g., current transformers, areinitially affixed within the power panel in an adjacent spaced apartrelationship with respect to a set of circuit breakers. A support may belocated on both sides of the set of circuit breakers that support thesensors, if desired. Then, the wires from the loads are passed throughthe respective sensors and interconnected to a respective circuitbreaker. In addition, the wires for sensing the voltage potentials onthe bus bars are likewise electrically interconnected. In this manner,the installation of the circuit breakers and the power monitor isefficient, less expensive, economical, and the sensors are in a suitableposition with respect to the respective circuit breakers The support maybe suitable for supporting a set of electrical traces that interconnectthe sensors to a connector. The interconnection from the sensors to theconnector may be predetermined so that the signals provided to theconnector are readily identifiable to the proper sensor. This eliminatesthe potential possibility of improperly interconnecting the wires fromthe sensors to the connector. A cable interconnects each connector to apower monitor. While such a set of supports with respective sensors aresuitable for use with new installation, it is difficult to install sucha set of sensors to an existing set of circuit breakers with wiresalready installed. To permit the sensors to be readily interconnectedwith wires already interconnected to the circuit breakers the sensorsmay be constructed in a split-core manner. In this manner, the openingmay be opened, the wire inserted therein, and the opening closed aroundsubstantially all of the wire. In some cases, the current sensors may beinterconnected to the power monitor each with a respective flexible wirewith or without split core sensors.

Traditionally, the electrical installer is required to identify thephase of the bus bars of the power panel, such as phase A, phase B, andphase C to properly interconnect the wires of phase A, phase B, andphase C, to the appropriate bus bar and connection on the power monitor.In addition, the electrical installer is required to identify the phase,such as phase A, phase B, and phase C, of each circuit breaker, or phasea multi-phase circuit breaker. With each circuit breakers phaseidentified, then the electrical installer is required to properlyinterconnect each respective current sensor to the appropriateinterconnection on the power monitor.

The proper installation of a power monitoring system is problematicbecause the phase of each of the bus bars are normally not identified ina consistent manner, especially when the phase of each bus bar dependsupon its interconnection to the power service from the utility.Similarly, the phase of each of the circuit breakers of a multi-phasecircuit breaker are not necessarily identified in a consistent manner.Further, the phase of each single phase circuit breaker depends upon itsinterconnection to one or more of the bus bars, which may be difficultto identify because the interconnection is typically underneath aninstalled circuit breaker. To further complicate matters, the phase ofthe current within each of the current sensors depends upon which wirethe current sensor is associated with. Also, it may be difficult toidentify two phase circuits. Also, single phase circuits may beimproperly included as part of a multi-phase circuit. Accordingly, theelectrical installer needs to determine the phase of the bus bar,determine the phase of the associated circuit breaker, identify the wireinterconnected with the circuit breaker, associate a particular currentsensor with the interconnected wire, and interconnect the current sensorto the appropriate location of the power monitor. The likelihood of anelectrical installer properly identifying all of these relationships isunlikely, especially the phase relationships between different phasesfor a particular multi-phase load. The multi-phase circuits may be twoor more phases.

To verify or otherwise determine which phases from the current sensorsare associated with which voltage from the bus bars, may involve thepower meter assuming a unity power factor and matching those with theclosest phase relationship. This may be performed in an automated mannerso that the single phase, two phase, and/or three phase circuits may beidentified and the phase relationship between the phases, if desired.For example, the rising edge of the waveforms may be used to identify aconsistent point in each cycle of the signal for each phase. Theidentified cycles are then matched together to determine the likelyarrangement of single, two, and three phase circuits and therelationship of phases therein, if desired.

Also the power distribution system itself may be utilized to identifythe appropriate matching between the voltage sensing and currentsensing. In particular, the power meter may superimpose a signal on oneor more of the bus bars (i.e., the power signals to one or more loadsnormally of 60 hertz, 120 volt, three phases) and sensed within one ormore of the wires to the loads. Alternatively, a signal may besuperimposed on one or more of the wires to the loads and sensed withinone or more of the bus bars (i.e., the power signals to one or moreloads normally of 60 hertz, 120 volt, three phases). In any event, theconfiguration of the system may be automatically determined. If desired,the installer may review and modify the resulting auto determinedconfiguration of single, two, and/or three phase circuits, and the phaserelationships, if desired.

When the MODBUS master queries the branch circuit monitor for data inone of the registers, it sends a query to the data processing unitspecifying the desired data. If for example, the MODBUS master isrequesting that the branch circuit monitor report the value of the powerin channel 2, the master sends a query to the branch circuit monitordirecting the data processing unit to access the data contained in theappropriate data space and provide the data in a MODBUS based response.

By way of example, if the power meter determines that two adjacentcircuits are 180 degrees out of phase then the power meter may assignthese two phases to be part of a 2-phase system. The two phase systemmay be a residential split phase system, having 3 wire single phasedistribution with two live conductors (i.e. 3 wire, single phase,midpoint neutral system). By way of example, if the power meterdetermines that two or more adjacent circuits are the same phase thenthe power meter may assign these two or more adjacent circuits as eachof a single phase system. Also, circuits that are not otherwise assignedto multi-phase circuits may be assigned as each being part of a singlephase system. By way of example, if the power meter determines thatthree adjacent circuits are generally 120 degrees out of phase then thepower system may assign these three as part of a 3 phase system. Thesystem may also determine the order of the phases A, B, and C among thethree phases. In addition, the system may determine and assign two andthree phase circuits to non-adjacent current sensors. The same generaltechnique may likewise be applied to a plurality of current sensorswhere the voltages are not obtained or otherwise not used to determinethe power. It is to be understood that any suitable characteristic maybe used to characterize the sensed signals, such as rising edge, fallingedge, maximum, minimum, and/or zero crossing.

The present inventor determined that the complexity of the power metermay be simplified by coupling the automatic determination of the type ofcircuits together with its phase relationship, if applicable, with atleast a partial configuration of the registers of the MODBUS and/orwhich registers of the MODBUS are populated with data suitable for theparticular configuration. Moreover, in response to particular MODBUSrequests only data from the populated registers should be provided. Alsoby limiting the applicable registers suitable for the particularconfiguration, the power meter may reduce its computational requirementsin computing values for the applicable registers.

Referring to FIG. 4, if the system determines that a particular circuitis a single phase circuit (e.g., phase A) then the selected MODBUS pointmap may include registers specific to the single phase circuit and omitother configurations. For example, the real power on phases B and C maybe omitted from the corresponding point map. For example, voltage phasesfor phases B and C may be omitted from the corresponding point map. Ingeneral, one or more of the phase B and C dependent values (see, e.g.,FIGS. 3A and 3B) may be omitted from the selected point map. Preferably,all phase B and C dependent values may be omitted from the selectedpoint map. Also, the power meter may likewise not compute the values forthe omitted registers from the selected point map. In the case that theMODBUS point map includes one or more registers corresponding to phase Band/or phase C then the power meter may omit attempting to calculatevalues corresponding to such registers. Such selective computationreduces the computational complexity of the system. When such selectivecomputation is coupled with a reduced MODBUS point map, additionalMODBUS registers are available for other circuits, especially suitablefor a power meter having multiple circuits.

Referring to FIG. 5, if the system determines that a particular circuitis a two phase circuit (e.g., phases A and B) then the selected MODBUSpoint map may include registers specific to the two phase circuit andomit other configurations. Some or all of the single phase circuitMODBUS point map registers may be included, if desired. For example thereal power on phase C may be omitted from the corresponding point map.For example, voltage phase for phase C may be omitted from thecorresponding point map. In general, one or more of the phase Cdependent values (see, e.g., FIGS. 3A and 3B) may be omitted from theselected point map. Preferably, all the phase C dependant values may beomitted from the selected point map. Also, the power meter may likewisenot compute the values for the omitted registers from the selected pointmap. In the case that the MODBUS point map includes one or moreregisters corresponding to phase C then the power meter may omitattempting to calculate values corresponding to such registers. Suchselective computation reduces the computational complexity of thesystem. When such selective computation is coupled with a reduced MODBUSpoint map, additional MODBUS registers are available for other circuits,especially suitable for a power meter having multiple circuits.

Referring to FIG. 6, if the system determines that a particular circuitis a three phase circuit (e.g., phases A, B, and C) then the selectedMODBUS point map may include registers specific to the three phasecircuit and omit other configurations. Some or all of the single and twophase circuit MODBUS point map registers may be included, if desired.For example, the total power of the circuit based on only phase A, onlyphase B, or phases A and B may be omitted, if desired. In general, oneor more of the non-three phase related values may be omitted from theselected point map. Preferably, all the non-three phase dependant orrelated values may be omitted from the selected point map. Also, thepower meter may likewise not compute the values for the omittedregisters from the selected point map. In the case that the MODBUS pointmap includes one or more registers corresponding specifically to singleand two phase circuits then the power meter may omit attempting tocalculate values corresponding to such registers. Such selectivecomputation reduces the computational complexity of the system. Whensuch selective computation is coupled with a reduced MODBUS point map,additional MODBUS registers are available for other circuits, especiallysuitable for a power meter having multiple circuits.

The techniques described herein are likewise applicable to multi-circuitcurrent based circuits where the power is not computed or otherwisedetermined. With a reduced size of the MODBUS point map for one or morecircuits of the power meter, when a MODBUS master makes a request forall MODBUS data for a particular circuit and/or all available circuits,the time required to provide relevant data may be significantly reduced.The techniques described herein are likewise applicable to providingdata in other formats, such as for example, serial outputs, digitaloutputs, 4-20 mA outputs, pulse outputs, etc. In some cases, the energymeasurement system may be a two phase or three phase meter where thedifferent phases of the meter (e.g., current transformers) may beindividually attached to a corresponding phase of a circuit, and in somecases inadvertently attached to the improper corresponding phase of thecircuit.

The terms and expressions which have been employed in the foregoingspecification are used therein as terms of description and not oflimitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms andexpressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown anddescribed or portions thereof, it being recognized that the scope of theinvention is defined and limited only by the claims which follow.

1. A power monitoring system comprising: (a) a plurality of currentsensors suitable to sense respective changing electrical current withina respective one of a plurality of conductors to a respective load,where each of said respective one of said plurality of conductors iselectrically interconnected to said respective load and each of saidrespective one of said plurality of conductors is electrically isolatedfrom one another; (b) a plurality of conductors sensing a respectivevoltage potential provided to said respective load; (c) a power monitorthat receives a respective current signal from each of said plurality ofsaid current sensors and a respective voltage signal from each of saidplurality of conductors, said power monitor determines a type of circuitbased upon an analysis of said respective current signal from each ofsaid plurality of said current sensors and said respective voltagesignal from each of said plurality of conductors, wherein said type ofcircuit includes at least one of a single phase circuit, a two phasecircuit, and a three phase circuit; (d) said power meter configuringitself corresponding to said determined type of circuit in a manner suchthat said configuring is different based upon each of said single phasecircuit, two phase circuit, and three phase circuit suitable to providedata corresponding to said determined type of circuit.
 2. The powermeter of claim 1 wherein said plurality of current sensors includes atleast three current sensors.
 3. The power meter of claim 2 wherein saidplurality of conductors includes at least three said conductor sensing adifferent respective voltage potential.
 4. The power meter of claim 3wherein said power monitor determines said type of circuit includes saidthree phase circuit.
 5. The power meter of claim 3 wherein said powermeter determines said type of circuit includes said two phase circuit.6. The power meter of claim 3 wherein said power meter determines saidtype of circuit includes said single phase circuit.
 7. The power meterof claim 4 wherein said configuring includes data corresponding to saidthree phase circuit while omitting data corresponding to at least one oftwo phase and single phase circuits.
 8. The power meter of claim 5wherein said configuring includes data corresponding to said two phasecircuit while omitting data corresponding to at least one of three phaseand single phase circuits.
 9. The power meter of claim 6 wherein saidconfiguring includes data corresponding to said single phase circuitwhile omitting data corresponding to at least one of two phase and threephase circuits.
 10. The power meter of claim 7 wherein said power meteris free from computing data corresponding to said omitted data.
 11. Thepower meter of claim 8 wherein said power meter is free from computingdata corresponding to said omitted data.
 12. The power meter of claim 9wherein said power meter is free from computing data corresponding tosaid omitted data.
 13. The power meter of claim 10 wherein saidconfiguring correspond to MODBUS data.
 14. The power meter of claim 11wherein said configuring correspond to MODBUS data.
 15. The power meterof claim 12 wherein said configuring correspond to MODBUS data.